Replacing Peaker Plants with Energy Storage in New Jersey

Overview

In this analysis, we assess where solar and storage have the potential to replace existing New Jersey peaker power plants and where their deployment may yield the greatest environmental health and equity benefits. Across New Jersey, peak electric demand is met in part by 15 gas- and oil-fired peaker power plants and peaking units at larger plants. These facilities are primarily reliant on combustion turbines designed to ramp up quickly to meet peak demand. One third of New Jersey peaker plants primarily burn oil, and two thirds are over 30 years old; these facilities in particular have high rates of greenhouse gas and health-damaging pollutant emissions for every unit of electricity generated. Moreover, these plants are located disproportionately in low-income and minority communities, where vulnerable populations already experience high levels of health and environmental burdens.

Many New Jersey’s peaker plants operate infrequently, which suggests they may be particularly good targets for replacement with energy storage. The state has set ambitious clean energy and energy storage deployment targets (e.g. to install large batteries for the electric grid), including a goal of 600 megawatts (MW) of energy storage by 2021 and 2,000 MW by 2030. New Jersey’s energy landscape provides an opportunity to replace inefficient, high-emitting peaker plants with energy storage and solar in vulnerable communities throughout the state, simultaneously increasing resilience in the face of hurricanes and other natural disasters. Storage is currently most cost-competitive with peaker plants, but moving forward this approach can set a precedent for displacing fossil fuel power plants across the grid.

New Jersey Summary: Read about our findings for energy storage peaker plant replacement opportunities. Technical Documentation: Look up data sources, methods, and a discussion of state-level policy and regulatory considerations. New Jersey Peaker Power Plant Map: Explore and visualize peaker plant data including data on operations, greenhouse gas and criteria pollutant emissions, and nearby population demographics for oil- and gas-burning power plants used statewide to meet peak electric demand. We include combustion turbine, steam and internal combustion power plants and units at larger plants that are 5MW or larger and burn oil and gas at a low capacity factor⁠—less than 15 percent. The data do NOT include nuclear, solar, wind, hydro, biomass, coal, natural gas combined cycle, or geothermal generation.

1. Statewide Map and Demographics: Map New Jersey power plants and visualize demographic data for nearby populations.
2. Cumulative Vulnerability Index: Compare plants across an Index of environmental, health and socioeconomic burden indicators for populations living nearby.
3. Individual Plant Demographic View: Search for data on populations living near an individual power plant.
4. Individual Plant Operational View: Search for an individual power plant and visualize its historic generation and emissions data.
5. Plant Indicator Ranking: Rank plants by selected environmental or demographic indicators.
6. Data Comparison View: Select, compare and plot user-specified data sets.

1. For a deeper view of specific maps or data: Select individual tabs on multi-tab visualizations.
2. For a full-screen visualization: Click on the full-screen icon at the bottom right corner of a tab.  
3. To download images or data from an individual plot or map: Click on the download icon at the bottom right of that figure.
4. To undo all filters: Click on the revert icon at the bottom right corner of a tab.
5. To embed or share a link to a specific map view: Click the share icon on the bottom right of your map results.
6. To re-center maps: Click on the home icon , which appears when you hover in the top left corner of the map.
7. To look up terminology: Use the Glossary page.

Explore a map of New Jersey’s peaker power plants in relation to demographic indicators. Hover or click on an individual plant on the map to pull up its data. Use filters to select measures such as Plant Name or County.

Example question: Which plants are located in urban, low-income or minority communities?

We developed a Cumulative Vulnerability Index to compare the socioeconomic, health and environmental burdens on communities living near each power plant. This index is calculated by averaging the state percentiles for three health indicators, ten environment indicators, and four demographic indicators, and then summing the scores for these three categories. If the population near a plant scored the median value on every indicator, its index would score the reference value of 150. For full methods, see the technical documentation. Below, select a Distance from Plant of 1 or 3 miles to compare the populations living within this distance of each plant.

Example question: Which plants are located in communities with high cumulative environmental, health and socioeconomic burdens?

Look up an individual Plant Name to find the demographics of populations living near the plant. Select a Radius of 1 or 3 miles to find average data for populations living within the chosen distance from the plant.

Example question: What is the total population living within one mile of a plant?

Look up an individual Plant Name to find information such as where the plant is located and the plant’s historical generation and emissions. Use the Year  filter to find the average annual generation and emissions over the selected time period. Click on additional tabs to view a table or figure on its own.

Example questions: How many times does a plant start per year?  How many hours does it run when it is turned on? Plant start-up periods have higher emission rates, and 3-5 hours might be a good match for energy storage.

Hover below a column and click the ranking icon to re-rank the plants by a given environmental, demographic or operational indicator value. By default, plants are ranked by capacity (size). Use filters to select the Plant Unit Type and the Distance from Plant used to aggregate population data. By default, the columns are ranked by the plant size (capacity).

Note: Some data, such as generation on poor air quality days, are missing for certain plants.

Example question: Which plants have the highest emission rates of nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) for every megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity generated? A MWh of an alternative resource would have the greatest emission benefits from displacing a MWh from one of these plants.

Choose which datasets to compare to create your own plot. Select X-Axis Selector and Y-Axis Selector to choose two datasets to compare. Use the Distance from Plant filter to select population in a 1- or 3-mile distance from the plant.

Note: Some data, such as run times, are missing for certain plants. In this case, individual plants without data will not show up under search bar.

Example question: Which plants are old and have low capacity factors? These might be good candidates for replacement. 

See Glossary for definitions and Technical Documentation for methods and data sources.

To ask questions, make comments, report any errors in the data, or request a walk-through of the data visualizations, please contact Elena Krieger at: krieger@psehealthyenergy.org. These data are accurate to the best of our knowledge, but there are sometimes discrepancies in data aggregated from multiple sources and there may be errors in the compilation. We would appreciate your input if you notice any anomalies or inaccuracies to help us improve these visualizations. We are also eager to help you navigate and use the tool, so please reach out if we can help you use the tool to answer any specific questions!

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